Eighth volcano in Indonesia is as follows:
1. Mount Kelud
Since the 15th century, Mount Kelut has claimed more than 15,000 people. The explosion was in 1586 claiming more than 10,000 inhabitants. A system to divert the lava flow has been made extensively in 1926 and still functioning until now after the eruption in 1919 claimed thousands of lives due to cold lava flood swept settlements.
In the 20th century, Mount Kelut recorded eruption in 1901, 1919 (1 May), 1951, 1966, and 1990. In 2007 the mountain was again increased its activity. This pattern brings experts volcano on 15-year cycle for this eruption.
2. Mount Merapi
Mount Merapi is the youngest in a collection of volcanoes in the southern part of Java Island. The mountain is located in the subduction zone, where the Indo-Australian plate continues to move down the Eurasian Plate. The eruption in the area lasted from 400,000 years ago, and up to 10,000 years ago kind of eruption is effusive. After that, the eruptions become explosive, with lava flows that cause thick lava domes.
Small eruptions occur every 2-3 years, and the larger about 10-15 years. Merapi eruptions big impact among others in the years 1006, 1786, 1822, 1872, and 1930.Large eruption in 1006 made the whole central part of Java island shrouded in gray.
It is estimated, the eruption caused the Ancient Mataram Kingdom should move to East Java. Eruption in 1930 destroyed 13 villages and killed 1400 people.
3. Mount Galunggung
Mount Galunggung ever recorded erupted in 1882 (VEI = 5). Early signs of eruption known in July 1822, where the water becomes turbid and muddy Cikunir. The result of examination of the crater showed that the turbid water was hot and sometimes appear in the column of smoke from the crater.
Then on October 8, s.d. October 12, the eruption of reddish sand produces rain very hot, fine ash, hot clouds and lava. Lava flow moving toward the southeast following the river flows. This eruption killed 4011 people and 114 villages destroyed, with damage to the land to the east and south as far as 40 km from the mountaintop.
4. Mount Agung
Agung mountain last erupted in 1963-64 and is still active, with a large and very deepcrater which occasionally smoke and ash. From a distance, the mountain is visiblecone, although in it there is a large crater.
From the top of the mountain, it is possible to see the peak of Mount Rinjani in Lombok island, although both mountains are often covered by cloud. On February 18, 1963, local residents heard a loud explosion and saw clouds rising from the crater of Mount Agung.
On February 24, lava began flowing down the northern slopes of the mountain, eventually travel 7 km in 20 days. On March 17, the volcano erupted, sending debris 8-10 km into the air and produce large pyroclastic flows.
This current is much destroying villages, killing around 1500 people. A second eruption on May 16, causing the flow of heat clouds that killed 200 other people.
On February 24, lava began flowing down the northern slopes of the mountain, eventually travel 7 km in 20 days. On March 17, the volcano erupted, sending debris 8-10 km into the air and produce large pyroclastic flows.
This current is much destroying villages, killing around 1500 people. A second eruption on May 16, causing the flow of heat clouds that killed 200 other people.
5. Krakatoa
Krakatoa is a volcanic archipelago that are still active and located in the Sunda Strait between Java and Sumatra. This name ever pinned on a volcanic peak there (Mount Krakatoa), which vanish because of its own eruptions on 26-27 August 1883.
The eruption was so powerful; hot clouds and the resulting tsunami killed about 36,000 people. Up until December 26, 2004, this is a terdahsyat tsunami in the Indian Ocean region. Cracking noise was heard up in Alice Springs, Australia and the island of Rodrigues near Africa, 4653 miles. Yield estimated at 30,000 times the atomic bomb that was detonated in Hiroshima and Nagasaki at the end of World War II.
The eruption of Krakatoa caused global climate change. The world was dark for two and a half days due to volcanic ash that covered the atmosphere. The sun was shining dim until next year. Scattering of dust visible in the sky Norway to New York.
The explosion of Krakatoa is actually still less than the eruption of Mount Toba and Mount Tambora in Indonesia, Mount Tanpo in New Zealand and the Mount Katmal in Alaska. However, these mountains erupted deep in the human population is still very small.
Meanwhile, when Mount Krakatoa erupted, the human population is dense enough, science and technology has evolved, the telegraph was invented, and subsea cable already installed. Thus we can say that moment of information technology is growing and developing rapidly.
Noted that the eruption of Krakatoa was the first major disaster in the world after the invention of the telegraph under the sea. Progress is, unfortunately, has not been matched by progress in the field of geology. The geologist was not even able to give an explanation of these eruptions.
6. Maninjau
Maninjau caldera formed by volcanic eruptions is estimated to occur around 52,000 years ago. Deposits of the eruption have been found in radial distribution around Maninjau stretches up to 50 km to the east, 75 km south-east, and west to the coast.Deposits are expected to be distributed more than 8,500 km ² and has a volume of 220-250 km ³. This caldera has a length of 20 km and width of 8 km.
7. Mount Tambora
The volcanic activity of this volcano reached its peak in April 1815 when it erupted in a scale of seven on the Volcanic Explosivity Index. The eruption is the largest eruption since the eruption of Lake Taupo in the year 181.
The explosion was heard on Sumatra island (more than 2,000 km). Volcanic ash fall in Kalimantan, Sulawesi, Java and Maluku. The explosion was caused deaths to no less than 71,000 people with 11000-12000 of whom were killed in direct consequence of these eruptions.
Indeed, some researchers estimate up to 92,000 people were killed, but this figure is questionable because it is based on estimates that are too high. More than that, this eruption caused global climate change.
The following year (1816), often referred to as the Year Without a Summer because the weather changes dramatically from North America and Europe due to dust generated from this Tambora eruption. Due to drastic climate change, many crops failed and livestock died in the Northern Hemisphere, caused the worst famine in the 19th century.
During the archaeological excavations in 2004, a team of archaeologists found the remains were buried by the eruption of culture in 1815 at a depth of 3 meters in pyroclastic deposits. Artifacts were found in the same position when the eruption occurred in 1815. Because of similar characteristics that is, the findings are often referred to as the Pompeii of the east.
8. Toba Supervolcano
It is a volcanic eruption of the most powerful ever known on planet Earth. And nearly wipe out generations of mankind on planet Earth.
73,000 years ago Supervolcano eruption of Indonesia's nearly wipe out all mankind.Only a few have survived. And after the Tsunami Volcano In Indonesia became active once again and threatens humanity.
This eruption can not be compared with anything that has been experienced on earth since the time when humans could walk upright. Compared with the supervolcano Toba, Krakatau even that caused ten thousand deaths in 1883 is just a small burp.
Though Krakatau has explosive power equivalent to 150 megatons of TNT. For comparison: Hiroshima Nuclear Bomb explosions have only 0.015 megatons explosive power, and then the destruction of verbally 10,000 times weaker than Krakatau.
As already known by scientists, Toba nearly exterminate mankind 73.00 years ago.When the man Neanderthals inhabiting our earth along with homo sapiens in Europe, as well as Homo erectus and Homo floresiensis in asia. It was very cold in europe, the last Ice Age is going well where deer, wild horses and giant deer are hunted.
Besides food herbivores, mammoth and woolly rhinoceros also often a human diet when Toba, with a diameter of 90 kilometers on the island now known by the name Sumatera.Meledak in the strict sense.
Along with huge tsunami waves, there are 2800 cubic kilometers of ash is removed, which spread throughout our planet's atmosphere. Which may have reduced human population to only about 5,000 to 10,000 people only.
Actually humans today come from a few thousand human survivors of a super volcano Toba eruption 73,000 years ago. Therefore Volcanoes in Indonesia responsible for the almost extinction of mankind.
And from 60 to 70 volcanoes which can ditemuai in the area (Indonesia) now. Some of them become active again within a few months or several weeks after the earthquake in dasarlaut in December 2004.
Although Toba is still far away and safe sleeping under a big sea that bears the same name in North Sumatra. many people are afraid if one day the active volcano in the Gutters is located 300 kilometers south of the Toba eruption, could awaken the sleeping giant. source: tribunnews.com
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